#!/usr/bin/env bash # 备份并上传到华为云 OBS # - 从同目录 env.conf 加载配置,支持命令行覆盖 # - 打包多目录(支持 pigz),生成 SHA256 校验,obsutil 分片/并发上传 # - 上传 .tar.gz 以及 .tar.gz.sha256,并下载远端 .sha256 比对确保完整性 # - 成功/失败写入日志并 Telegram 通知(Markdown) # - 支持 --dry-run / --verify / --keep-local / --concurrency / --rate / --label / --sse # 退出码:0 成功;2 配置缺失;3 打包失败;4 上传失败;5 校验失败 set -Eeuo pipefail ############################# # 通用工具函数 ############################# # 兼容性更好的脚本路径解析(在 set -u 下也安全) SCRIPT_PATH="${BASH_SOURCE[0]:-$0}" SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname -- "$SCRIPT_PATH")" && pwd -P)" export PATH="$SCRIPT_DIR:$PATH" cd "$SCRIPT_DIR" # 记录日志到文件与终端 log_ts() { date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'; } LOG_PREFIX="[BACKUP]" log() { local level="$1"; shift local line line="$(log_ts) ${LOG_PREFIX}[$level] $*" echo "$line" | tee -a "${LOG_FILE:-./backup.log}" } ############################# # Telegram 通知(Markdown) ############################# send_telegram() { local status="${1-}" # success | error | dryrun local reason="${2-}" # 错误原因(可选) local error_log="${3-}" # 详细错误日志(可选) if [[ -z "${TG_BOT_TOKEN:-}" || -z "${TG_USER_ID:-}" ]]; then log "INFO" "未配置Telegram通知,跳过发送" return 0 fi local api="https://api.telegram.org/bot${TG_BOT_TOKEN}/sendMessage" local current_date; current_date="$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')" local message if [[ "$status" == "success" ]]; then message="*备份成功通知*\n\n" message+="备份主机:${LABEL}\n" message+="备份时间:${current_date}\n" message+="备份内容:${BACKUP_DIR}\n" message+="文件大小:${BACKUP_SIZE_HUMAN}\n" message+="存储位置:obs://${OBS_BUCKET}/${OBS_BACKUP_DIR}/${ARCHIVE_BASE}\n" message+="打包用时:${PACK_SECONDS}s\n" message+="上传用时:${UP_SECONDS}s\n" message+="平均速率:${SPEED_HUMAN}" elif [[ "$status" == "dryrun" ]]; then message="*备份自检(Dry-run)*\n\n" message+="备份主机:${LABEL}\n" message+="备份时间:${current_date}\n" message+="备份内容:${BACKUP_DIR}\n" message+="归档名称:${ARCHIVE_BASE}\n" message+="文件大小:${BACKUP_SIZE_HUMAN}\n" message+="打包用时:${PACK_SECONDS}s" else message="*备份失败通知*\n\n${LABEL} 备份失败!" if [[ -n "$reason" ]]; then message+="\n原因:${reason}" fi if [[ -n "$error_log" ]]; then message+="\n错误日志:\n\`\`\`${error_log}\`\`\`" fi fi # 仅把字面 \n 转成 %0A;保留其他字符原样 local encoded_message=${message//\\n/%0A} local response response="$(curl -sS -X POST "$api" \ -d "chat_id=${TG_USER_ID}" \ -d "parse_mode=Markdown" \ -d "disable_web_page_preview=true" \ -d "text=${encoded_message}" 2>&1 || true)" if echo "$response" | grep -q '"ok":true'; then log "INFO" "Telegram通知发送成功" else log "WARN" "Telegram通知发送失败: $response" fi } # 失败统一处理(触发 trap) on_error() { local exit_code=$? local line_no=${BASH_LINENO[0]:-} log "ERROR" "脚本异常退出(exit=$exit_code, line=${line_no})." local tail_log tail_log="$(tail -n 80 "${LOG_FILE:-./backup.log}" 2>/dev/null || true)" send_telegram "error" "脚本异常退出(exit=${exit_code}, line=${line_no})" "$tail_log" exit "$exit_code" } trap on_error ERR # 命令可用性检查 need_cmd() { command -v "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1 || { log "ERROR" "未找到命令:$1" return 1 } } # 通用重试(指数回退 2^n 秒) retry() { local max="$1"; shift local desc="$1"; shift local n=1 until "$@"; do local ec=$? if (( n >= max )); then log "ERROR" "重试用尽:${desc}(exit=$ec)" return "$ec" fi local backoff=$((2**n)) log "WARN" "步骤失败,将在 ${backoff}s 后第 $((n+1)) 次重试:${desc}(exit=$ec)" sleep "$backoff" ((n++)) done } ############################# # 加载配置与参数 ############################# CONF_FILE="${SCRIPT_DIR}/env.conf" if [[ ! -f "$CONF_FILE" ]]; then echo "未找到配置文件 ${CONF_FILE},请先复制/编辑 env.conf" >&2 exit 2 fi # shellcheck disable=SC1090 source "$CONF_FILE" # 默认参数值(可被命令行覆盖) KEEP_LOCAL=false DRY_RUN=false VERIFY_ONLY=false CLI_LABEL="" CLI_SSE="none" # none|kms|aes256 CLI_CONCURRENCY="" # 映射到 -j CLI_RATE="" # 速率限制(示例 10MB/s) GPG_RECIPIENT="" GPG_SYM=false usage() { cat <<'USAGE' 用法: ./backup.sh [--dry-run] [--verify] [--keep-local] [--concurrency=N] [--rate=10MB/s] [--label=NAME] [--sse=none|kms|aes256] [--gpg-recipient=KMS_OR_PGP_ID | --gpg-symmetric] USAGE } # 解析参数 while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do case "$1" in --dry-run) DRY_RUN=true; shift;; --verify) VERIFY_ONLY=true; shift;; --keep-local) KEEP_LOCAL=true; shift;; --concurrency=*) CLI_CONCURRENCY="${1#*=}"; shift;; --rate=*) CLI_RATE="${1#*=}"; shift;; --label=*) CLI_LABEL="${1#*=}"; shift;; --sse=*) CLI_SSE="${1#*=}"; shift;; --gpg-recipient=*) GPG_RECIPIENT="${1#*=}"; shift;; --gpg-symmetric) GPG_SYM=true; shift;; -h|--help) usage; exit 0;; *) echo "未知参数:$1"; usage; exit 2;; esac done # 应用 label 覆盖(仅影响远端前缀,不改变本地) if [[ -n "$CLI_LABEL" ]]; then LABEL="$CLI_LABEL" OBS_BACKUP_DIR="backup/${LABEL}" fi # 并发覆盖 if [[ -n "$CLI_CONCURRENCY" ]]; then OBS_JOBS="$CLI_CONCURRENCY" fi # 速率(obsutil 具体参数随版本可能不同,这里传递 --rate 或 -limit 的等价形式) OBS_RATE_FLAG="" if [[ -n "${CLI_RATE:-}" ]]; then OBS_RATE_FLAG="--rate=${CLI_RATE}" fi # 路径与文件 EXCLUDE_FILE="${SCRIPT_DIR}/exclude.list" [[ -f "$EXCLUDE_FILE" ]] || touch "$EXCLUDE_FILE" # 基础校验 : "${OBS_BUCKET:?缺少 OBS_BUCKET}" : "${OBS_BACKUP_DIR:?缺少 OBS_BACKUP_DIR}" : "${BACKUP_DIR:?缺少 BACKUP_DIR}" : "${LOG_FILE:?缺少 LOG_FILE}" : "${OBS_PARALLEL:?缺少 OBS_PARALLEL}" "${OBS_JOBS:?缺少 OBS_JOBS}" : "${OBS_PARTSIZE:?缺少 OBS_PARTSIZE}" "${OBS_THRESHOLD:?缺少 OBS_THRESHOLD}" : "${RETAIN_DAYS:?缺少 RETAIN_DAYS}" ############################# # 依赖检查与自检 ############################# need_cmd tar need_cmd sha256sum need_cmd curl need_cmd bash if ! command -v obsutil >/dev/null 2>&1; then log "ERROR" "未找到 obsutil。请下载 obsutil,并确保其在 PATH 或与脚本同目录。" log "ERROR" "首次使用请执行:./obsutil config -interactive" exit 2 fi # 严格按要求:配置文件位于 ~/.obsutilconfig OBSUTIL_CONFIG_PATH="${HOME}/.obsutilconfig" if [[ ! -f "$OBSUTIL_CONFIG_PATH" ]]; then log "ERROR" "未检测到 obsutil 配置文件:${OBSUTIL_CONFIG_PATH}" log "ERROR" "请先执行:./obsutil config -interactive 完成初始化(AK/SK、Endpoint、默认桶)" exit 2 fi ############################# # verify-only: 远端可用性检查 ############################# if $VERIFY_ONLY; then log "INFO" "开始远端可用性检查(ls + stat)" set +e obsutil ls "obs://${OBS_BUCKET}/${OBS_BACKUP_DIR}/" > /dev/null 2>&1 rc_ls=$? if (( rc_ls != 0 )); then log "ERROR" "obsutil 无法列举 obs://${OBS_BUCKET}/${OBS_BACKUP_DIR}/" exit 5 fi one_obj="$(obsutil ls "obs://${OBS_BUCKET}/${OBS_BACKUP_DIR}/" 2>/dev/null | awk '/obs:\/\//{print $1; exit}')" if [[ -n "$one_obj" ]]; then obsutil stat "$one_obj" >/dev/null 2>&1 || { log "ERROR" "stat 失败:$one_obj"; exit 5; } log "INFO" "远端可访问,示例对象 stat 正常:$one_obj" else log "INFO" "远端可访问,但当前前缀下没有对象。" fi exit 0 fi set -e ############################# # 打包准备 ############################# # 组装要打包的 -C 与相对路径参数 build_tar_file_list() { local args=() for p in $BACKUP_DIR; do if [[ ! -e "$p" ]]; then log "WARN" "路径不存在,跳过:$p" continue fi local abs; abs="$(readlink -f "$p")" local parent; parent="$(dirname "$abs")" local base; base="$(basename "$abs")" args+=("-C" "$parent" "$base") done printf '%s\n' "${args[@]}" } # 粗略空间检查 check_space() { local total=0 for p in $BACKUP_DIR; do [[ -e "$p" ]] || continue local sz sz=$(du -sb --apparent-size "$p" 2>/dev/null | awk '{s+=$1} END{print s+0}') total=$((total + sz)) done local avail avail=$(df -P "$SCRIPT_DIR" | awk 'NR==2{print $4}') # KB avail=$((avail * 1024)) local need=$(( total + total/10 + 100*1024*1024 )) if (( avail < need )); then log "ERROR" "磁盘空间不足。需要约 $need 字节,可用 $avail 字节。" return 1 fi } log "INFO" "开始备份:bucket=${OBS_BUCKET} prefix=${OBS_BACKUP_DIR} 并发(-j)=${OBS_JOBS} 分片(-p)=${OBS_PARALLEL}" check_space || { log "ERROR" "空间检查未通过"; exit 3; } TS="$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)" ARCHIVE_BASE="backup_${TS}.tar.gz" ARCHIVE_PATH="${SCRIPT_DIR}/${ARCHIVE_BASE}" SHA_PATH="${ARCHIVE_PATH}.sha256" USE_PIGZ=false if command -v pigz >/dev/null 2>&1; then USE_PIGZ=true; fi # 打包与压缩 pack() { local start; start=$(date +%s) local tar_args; mapfile -t tar_args < <(build_tar_file_list) if [[ "${#tar_args[@]}" -eq 0 ]]; then log "ERROR" "没有可打包的路径(BACKUP_DIR 均不存在)" return 1 fi log "INFO" "开始打包(支持 exclude.list),pigz=${USE_PIGZ}" if $USE_PIGZ; then tar --warning=no-file-changed --exclude-from="$EXCLUDE_FILE" \ -c "${tar_args[@]}" | pigz > "$ARCHIVE_PATH" else tar --warning=no-file-changed --exclude-from="$EXCLUDE_FILE" \ -czf "$ARCHIVE_PATH" "${tar_args[@]}" fi local end; end=$(date +%s) PACK_SECONDS=$((end - start)) PACK_SIZE=$(stat -c '%s' "$ARCHIVE_PATH") log "INFO" "打包完成:$(numfmt --to=iec "$PACK_SIZE") 用时 ${PACK_SECONDS}s" } # 可选:GPG 加密 maybe_encrypt() { if [[ -n "$GPG_RECIPIENT" ]]; then log "INFO" "使用 GPG 收件人加密:$GPG_RECIPIENT" need_cmd gpg gpg --batch --yes --output "${ARCHIVE_PATH}.gpg" --encrypt --recipient "$GPG_RECIPIENT" "$ARCHIVE_PATH" rm -f "$ARCHIVE_PATH" ARCHIVE_PATH="${ARCHIVE_PATH}.gpg" ARCHIVE_BASE="${ARCHIVE_BASE}.gpg" elif $GPG_SYM; then log "INFO" "使用 GPG 对称加密" need_cmd gpg if [[ -n "${GPG_PASSPHRASE:-}" ]]; then gpg --batch --yes --passphrase "$GPG_PASSPHRASE" --symmetric --output "${ARCHIVE_PATH}.gpg" "$ARCHIVE_PATH" else gpg --batch --yes --symmetric --output "${ARCHIVE_PATH}.gpg" "$ARCHIVE_PATH" fi rm -f "$ARCHIVE_PATH" ARCHIVE_PATH="${ARCHIVE_PATH}.gpg" ARCHIVE_BASE="${ARCHIVE_BASE}.gpg" fi } # 生成 sha256 gen_sha() { sha256sum "$ARCHIVE_PATH" > "$SHA_PATH" log "INFO" "已生成校验文件:${SHA_PATH##*/}" } # 构建 obsutil 参数 build_obs_flags() { local flags=() flags+=("-f") flags+=("-p=${OBS_PARALLEL}") flags+=("-j=${OBS_JOBS}") flags+=("-ps=${OBS_PARTSIZE}") flags+=("-threshold=${OBS_THRESHOLD}") [[ -n "$OBS_RATE_FLAG" ]] && flags+=("$OBS_RATE_FLAG") case "$CLI_SSE" in aes256|AES256) flags+=("-h=x-obs-server-side-encryption:AES256");; kms|KMS) if [[ -z "${OBS_KMS_KEY_ID:-}" ]]; then log "WARN" "已选择 SSE-KMS,但未设置 OBS_KMS_KEY_ID,将只设置 kms 算法头。" flags+=("-h=x-obs-server-side-encryption:kms") else flags+=("-h=x-obs-server-side-encryption:kms") flags+=("-h=x-obs-server-side-encryption-kms-key-id:${OBS_KMS_KEY_ID}") fi ;; none|None|"") ;; *) log "WARN" "未知 --sse=$CLI_SSE,忽略。";; esac printf '%s\n' "${flags[@]}" } # 上传(含重试) upload() { local start; start=$(date +%s) local dst_dir="obs://${OBS_BUCKET}/${OBS_BACKUP_DIR}/" local flags; mapfile -t flags < <(build_obs_flags) retry 3 "上传归档 ${ARCHIVE_BASE}" obsutil cp "$ARCHIVE_PATH" "${dst_dir}${ARCHIVE_BASE}" "${flags[@]}" retry 3 "上传校验 ${ARCHIVE_BASE}.sha256" obsutil cp "$SHA_PATH" "${dst_dir}${ARCHIVE_BASE}.sha256" "${flags[@]}" local end; end=$(date +%s) UP_SECONDS=$((end - start)) if (( UP_SECONDS > 0 )); then AVG_SPEED="$(( PACK_SIZE / UP_SECONDS ))" else AVG_SPEED="$PACK_SIZE" fi } # 远端完整性校验(下载 .sha256 比对) verify_remote() { local tmp_remote="${SHA_PATH}.remote" rm -f "$tmp_remote" local dst="obs://${OBS_BUCKET}/${OBS_BACKUP_DIR}/${ARCHIVE_BASE}.sha256" retry 3 "下载远端校验 ${ARCHIVE_BASE}.sha256" obsutil cp "$dst" "$tmp_remote" -f >/dev/null if ! cmp -s "$SHA_PATH" "$tmp_remote"; then log "ERROR" "远端 .sha256 与本地不一致" return 1 fi rm -f "$tmp_remote" log "INFO" "远端完整性校验通过(.sha256 一致)" } ############################# # 主流程 ############################# SECONDS=0 PACK_SECONDS=0 UP_SECONDS=0 AVG_SPEED=0 PACK_SIZE=0 BACKUP_SIZE_HUMAN="" log "INFO" "准备开始备份。DRY_RUN=${DRY_RUN} KEEP_LOCAL=${KEEP_LOCAL} SSE=${CLI_SSE}" retry 3 "打包与压缩" pack || { log "ERROR" "打包失败"; exit 3; } maybe_encrypt gen_sha # 计算人类可读大小 BACKUP_SIZE_HUMAN="$(numfmt --to=iec "$PACK_SIZE")" if $DRY_RUN; then log "INFO" "Dry-run 模式:不执行上传。归档:${ARCHIVE_BASE} 大小:${BACKUP_SIZE_HUMAN}" log "INFO" "本次总用时:${SECONDS}s" send_telegram "dryrun" exit 0 fi # 上传 retry 3 "上传到 OBS" upload || { log "ERROR" "上传失败"; exit 4; } # 完整性校验 if ! verify_remote; then log "ERROR" "上传后完整性校验失败" local tail_log; tail_log="$(tail -n 80 "${LOG_FILE:-./backup.log}" 2>/dev/null || true)" send_telegram "error" "上传后完整性校验失败:${ARCHIVE_BASE}" "$tail_log" exit 5 fi # 清理本地 if ! $KEEP_LOCAL; then rm -f "$ARCHIVE_PATH" "$SHA_PATH" || true log "INFO" "已删除本地临时归档与校验文件" fi # 汇总 TOTAL_SECS=$SECONDS SPEED_HUMAN="$(numfmt --to=iec "$AVG_SPEED")/s" log "INFO" "完成:归档大小=${BACKUP_SIZE_HUMAN} 打包=${PACK_SECONDS}s 上传=${UP_SECONDS}s 平均速率=${SPEED_HUMAN} 总用时=${TOTAL_SECS}s" send_telegram "success" exit 0